Chii chinonzi Emergency Telephone System uye Inoshanda Sei?

Nhanganyaya

Munzvimbo umo kunonoka kufona kunogona kuisa hupenyu panjodzi, masisitimu efoni ekukurumidzira anopa nzira yakatsaurirwa yekubatsira iyo network dzefoni dzakajairika dzingasavimbise. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kuti masisitimu aya chii, nei akavakwa zvakasiyana nefoni yakajairika, uye kuti zvikamu zvawo zvikuru zvinoshanda sei pamwe chete kuchengetedza kutaurirana kuripo panguva dzezviitiko zvakakosha. Uchadzidza kuti nzvimbo dzekufona, auto-dialing, monitoring links, uye backup power zvinotsigira sei kukurumidza uye kwakavimbika kusangana nevaya vanopindura, uye nei masisitimu aya achiwanzo shandiswa mumakampasi, nzvimbo dzekupaka mota, nzvimbo dzekufambisa vanhu, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinochengetedzwa.

Chii chinonzi Emergency Telephone System?

Sisitimu yefoni yekukurumidzira inzvimbo yekutaurirana yakatsaurirwa, isina njodzi yakavakwa kuti ipe hukama hwakavimbika uye hwakavimbika nevanotakura zvinhu zvekukurumidzira kana nzvimbo dzekutarisa. Kusiyana nema network ekukurukurirana akajairika, ayo anonyanya kukosheswa nekufambisa vanhu vakawanda uye mafambiro ekufambisa zvinhu zvakawanda, masisitimu ekukurumidzira akagadzirirwa kushanda zvakanyanya, achipfuura zvipingamupinyi zvePBX zvemunharaunda uye kuzara kwenetwork yefoni.

Masisitimu aya anoiswa munzvimbo dzinonyanya kukoshesa kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu, zvichibatsira zvikuru panguva dzezviitiko zvakakomba. Anoshanda asingatarisirwi nezvivakwa zvevatengi, achishandisa michina yakaoma uye nzira dzenetwork dzisina kushandiswa kuona kuti mafoni edambudziko anosangana pasina kunonoka kana kukanganiswa.

Zvikamu zvepakati uye mabasa

Magadzirirwo enharembozha dzinoshandiswa panguva yekukurumidzira anoenderana nemidziyo yakasimba yakagadzirirwa kutsungirira kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuparadzwa kwezvinhu. Padanho rekupedzisira, masisitimu anoshandisa mapaneru asingashandise maoko,mabhokisi ekufonera ekukurumidza anodzivirira mamiriro ekunze, kana nzvimbo dzemafoni dzakagadzirwa. Mafoni aya ane ma "programmable auto-dialer" anotanga kufona kana bhatani radzvanywa kana kuti nhare yasimudzwa.

Kudzoserwa kwemagetsi chinhu chakakosha. Masisitimu ekukurumidza akajairika muindasitiri anofanirwa kusanganisira magetsi asingachinjiki (UPS) kana mabheteri emuno anokwanisa kupa simba risingachinjiki kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana uye maawa mana ekutaura nguva dzose panguva yekutadza kushanda kwegridi. Mavharo asingakanganise kukanganiswa, anowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina ye14-gauge kana 16-gauge, anodzivirira mabhodhi emagetsi emukati kubva mukukuvadzwa kwemuviri uye kupinda kwehunyoro.

Maitiro ekutumira mafoni uye kuaisa pakutanga

Kana endpoint yavhurwa, sisitimu inodarika switching yemuno kuti itange yakanangana ne outbound connection. Mafoni anotumirwa zvakananga kuPublic Safety Answering Point (PSAP), hofisi yekuchengetedza yekambasi, kana chiteshi chechitatu chekutarisa. Kufambisa uku kwakanyorwa mu endpoint kana central emergency gateway, zvichiita kuti pasave nekutadza kwemushandisi panguva yekutya.

Masisitimu efoni epamberi e emergency anotumira data reAutomatic Number Identification (ANI) neAutomatic Location Identification (ALI) pamwe chete nevoice payload. Mapaketi aya edata anozadza skrini yemutumi wepainternet nematanho chaiwo emuviri kana chikamu chekuvaka chemufoneri. Munzvimbo dzine network, maprotocol eQuality of Service (QoS) anopa network yekutanga kune aya mapaketi eVoice over IP (VoIP), zvichidzivirira kudzikira kwefoni kunyangwe panguva yekuwanda kwebandwidth.

Sarudzo huru dzekugadzira dzevatengi

Vatengi vanoongorora zvivakwa zvekutaurirana nekukurumidza vanofanira kushandisa nzira nhatu huru dze network: analog (POTS), cellular, uye VoIP/SIP. Kare, Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) lines ndiyo yaive yakajairika nekuda kwesimba rayo rekuzvishandira. Zvisinei, nemakambani ekufambisa mafoni airamba kushanda zvivakwa zvemhangura, vatengi vari kuramba vachichinja nzira dzemazuva ano.

Magedhi efoni anoshandisa ma network eLTE kana 5G, anowanzo shongedzwa nema router maviri eSIM kuti akwanise kushandiswazve. Aya anoshanda zvikuru kunzvimbo dziri kure uko kudhonza tambo chaiyo kunodhura zvakanyanya. Kusiyana neizvi, masisitimu eVoIP eSession Initiation Protocol (SIP) anoshandisa zvivakwa zvebhizinesi zviripo zveLAN/WAN. Ma SIP endpoints anobvumira manejimendi ari pakati, kuvandudzwa kwefirmware iri kure, uye kuongororwa nguva dzose kuti vaone hutano hwemuchina, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inosarudzwa yemakambani makuru kana mayunivhesiti.

Nei Masisitimu Efoni Ekukurumidzira Achiri Kukosha?

Pasinei nekuwanikwa kwemafoni enharembozha kwose kwose, masisitimu efoni dzekukurumidza anoramba ari chinhu chakakosha mukuchengetedza hupenyu. Midziyo yenharembozha inogona kupera simba remabhatiri, kudzimwa kwenetwork, uye nzvimbo dzisina nharembozha, zvichiita kuti dzisavimbike munzvimbo dzakati kana kuti dzenzvimbo.

Masisitimu akatsaurirwa anopa nzira yekutaurirana yakagara iripo uye inozivikanwa iyo vanopindura panjodzi vanogona kuvimba nayo. Uyezve, vanozadzisa mitemo yakaoma yepamutemo nemutemo inoda kuti varidzi vezvivakwa vape nzira dzekutaurirana panjodzi dzinosvikika dzisingabatanidzwi nemudziyo wemushandisi.

Maitiro avanoita kuderedza nguva yekupindura

Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira pakushandisa foni yekukurumidzira kwenguva yakatarwa ndechekudzikira kukuru kwenguva dzekupindura panjodzi. Kana munhu achivimba nefoni mbozha, anofanira kutaura zviri panharembozha yake—maitiro anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya panguva yekushushikana kwakanyanya kana kuti asingagoneke kana munhu wacho akaremara.

Nekuti mafoni enjodzi akatsaurirwa anotumira data reALI rakarurama ipapo ipapo kana akabatana, vanotumira havafanirwe kukanda chiratidzo chetatu kana kubvunza munhu ari kufona kuti vaone gwara. Ruzivo rweindasitiri runoratidza kuti masisitimu enjodzi ari panzvimbo yakatarwa anogona kuderedza nguva yekutanga yekufona nemasekondi makumi matanhatu kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe zvichienzaniswa nemafoni e911 akajairwa. Mumatambudziko ekurapa kana mamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi, kukurumidza uku mukushandiswa kwezviwanikwa kunovandudza zvikuru mikana yemhedzisiro.

Kwavanonyanya kukosheswa

Masisitimu efoni dzenjodzi anosungirwa munzvimbo dzine kuparadzaniswa, njodzi huru, kana kuora kwemasaini. Zvivakwa zvepasi pevhu, zvivakwa zvakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya, uye nzvimbo dziri kure dzemaindasitiri kazhinji hadzina nzira dzekupinda dzemasero dzakavimbika.

Zvinodiwa zveUnyanzvi, Kutevedzera Mutemo, uye Kubatanidza

Kushandisa sisitimu yefoni yekukurumidzira kunoda kutevedzera mitemo yakaoma yekuvaka, mitemo yekusvikika, uye hunyanzvi. Kukundikana kuzadzisa zvinodiwa izvi hakungokanganisi kuchengetedzeka kwevashandisi chete asiwo kunoisa vashandi venzvimbo munjodzi huru dzemutemo nemari.

Makodhi nezvinodiwa zvekufunga nezvazvo

Mutemo weAmericans with Disabilities Act (ADA) unotara mitemo chaiyo yekushanda kwemafoni ekukurumidzira muUnited States. Kutevedzera mitemo yeADA kunoda kuti michina yekutaurirana ishande pasina kubata zvakasimba, kudzvanya, kana kutenderedza ruoko, uye inofanira kushanda nesimba guru remakirogiramu mashanu. Uyezve, chikamu chepamusoro chefoni chinoshanda hachifanirwe kunge chakaiswa panzvimbo inopfuura masendimita makumi mana nemasere kubva pasi rapera kuti chisvike mberi kana parutivi.

Pakufambisa kwakamira, ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Safety Code yeElevators neEscalators inodzora kutaurirana kwekukurumidzira. Zvichangobva kugadziridzwa pakodhi iyi zvinorayira kuti masisitimu ekutaurirana eelevator anofanirwa kusanganisira kugona kwemavhidhiyo maviri kune vane matambudziko ekunzwa uye anofanira kuona mashandiro etambo zuva nezuva. Pamusoro pezvo, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code (NFPA 72) inotsanangura zvinodiwa kuti tambo nemagetsi zvinogara kwenguva refu zvirambe zviripo.

Zvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvenguva yekushanda

Nhare dzepanjodzi dzinofanira kushanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka. Mapoinzi emagetsi akaiswa panze kana munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri anoda mareti ekudzivirira kupinda (IP) akakwira. IP66 rating inowanzo kuve chiyero chidiki chebhokisi rekufonera rekunze, ichivimbisa dziviriro kubva kugungwa rakawanda kana majeti emvura ane simba, nepo michina ine IP67 inogona kutsungirira kunyura kwechinguva.

Kutsungirira kupisa kwakakoshawo. Masisitimu efoni epamusoro-soro akagadzirwa nekupisa kwakakura, anowanzo shanda zvakanaka kubva -40°C kusvika +65°C (-40°F kusvika +149°F). Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti nguva inoshanda, masisitimu emazuva ano akavakirwa paSIP anoshandisa otomatiki polling - pinging endpoints maminetsi gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu ega ega. Kana endpoint ikatadza kupindura, sisitimu yacho inokurumidza kuzivisa vatariri venzvimbo, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti unit yagadziriswa dambudziko risati raitika.

Kubatanidzwa nemaelevator uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza

Masisitimu efoni dzemazuva ano dze emergency haawanzo shanda ari ega; ari kuwedzera kubatanidzwa mukutarisira kwakakura kwezvivakwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwemuviri. Kuburikidza nekushandisa mitemo yakavhurika senge ONVIF neSIP, kufona kwe emergency kunogona kukonzera mhinduro dzinongoerekana dzaitika pamapuratifomu akawanda.

Semuenzaniso, kuvhura foni yekukurumidzira mugaraji rekupaka mota kunogona kuraira otomatiki Video Management System (VMS) kuti ishandise kamera yekutarisa iri pedyo nefoni. Saizvozvowo, kubatanidzwa nehurongwa hwekudzora kupinda kunoita kuti vashandi vechiteshi chepakati vavhure magonhi kana magedhi evanopindura vari kure zvakananga kubva panharembozha yekutaurirana yefoni yekukurumidzira, zvichiita kuti nzira yekupindira ive nyore.

Tsanangudzo, Kuisa, uye Kugadzirisa

Kugara kwenguva refu kwehurongwa hwefoni hwekukurumidza—kubva pakugadzirisa kwekutanga kusvika pakugadzirisa kuri kuenderera mberi—kunoda nzira yakarongeka yekuona kuti zvinhu zvicharamba zvichishanda zvakanaka. Sarudzo dzekutenga dzinofanira kuenzana nemitengo yekushandisa mari yekutanga nemitengo yenguva refu uye kugara kwenguva refu kwehurongwa.

Maitiro ekuongorora vatengesi

Pakusarudza mutengesi, vatengi vanofanira kuongorora nhoroondo yemugadziri wehardware yakasimba uye rutsigiro rwesoftware. Zviyero zvakakosha zvinosanganisira Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), iyo ye emergency endpoints yepamusoro inofanirwa kudarika maawa 50,000. Vatengesi vanofanira kupa magwaro akazara anotsanangura kutevedzera UL,CE, uye FCC zviyero.

Uyezve, vatengi vanofanira kuongorora mitemo yewarandi yemutengesi uye rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi SLA. Mugadziri ane mukurumbira anopa waranti yemakore maviri kusvika mashanu pazvinhu zvakakosha zvehardware uye anovimbisa kuwanikwa kwezvikamu zvinotsiva kweinenge makore gumi, zvichiratidza hupenyu hunotarisirwa hwezvivakwa zvekuchengetedza hupenyu.

Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzeresa mari

Mari yese yekuva muridzi wefoni ye emergency inokonzerwa ne hardware specifications, network architecture, uye kuoma kwekuisa. Basic indoor analog kana SIP endpoints inowanzo tangira pa $300 kusvika $600 payuniti. Zvisinei, yakasimba, IP67-rated, kanaMhando dzisingaputike dzakasimbiswa neATEXkune nharaunda dzine njodzi zvinogona kudarika $1,500 kusvika $2,500 payuniti imwe neimwe.

Kugadziriswa kwezvivakwa kunomiririra chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinokonzeresa mari. Kuvandudza masisitimu ekare eanalog kuenda kuVoIP kunoda kudhonza tambo itsva yeCat5e/Cat6 Ethernet kana kuisa magedhi eanalog-to-IP. Kune vanoisa kunze vari kure, kuisa trenching yemugero kunogona kudhura zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti magedhi efoni—pasinei nemitengo yavo yedata yemwedzi nemwedzi—ave mhinduro inodhura kwenguva refu.

Maitiro ekuedza nekugadzirisa

Kuvimba chete nehurongwa hwekukurumidzira kukundikana kukuru pakushanda; bvunzo dzakaoma uye dzakarongwa dzinosungirwa. Kare, vashandi vekugadzirisa vaifanira kufamba netsoka kusvika pamagumo ese, kudzvanya bhatani, uye kuona kuti hwakabatana here. Nhasi, hurongwa hwakangwara hunozviitira hwega.

Semuenzaniso, ASME A17.1 inoda mafoni ekukurumidzira eelevator kuti aone kana tambo yekutaurirana iri kushanda kamwe chete mumaawa makumi maviri nemana. Kana tambo ikakundikana, sisitimu yacho inofanira kutanga kurira kwealamu inonzwika uye inoonekwa. Kunze kwekutarisa otomatiki, vatariri venzvimbo vanofanira kuita bvunzo dzakakwana dzemaoko kota yega yega, vachiongorora kujeka kwemakrofoni, vhoriyamu yespika, mashandiro estrobe, uye kururama kwedata reALI rinotumirwa kuPSAP.

Maitiro Ekusarudza Sisitimu Yenhare Yekukurumidzira Yakakodzera

Kuenzanisa hurongwa hwenhare dzenjodzi dzakakodzera nenzvimbo chaiyo yekushanda kunoita kuti mitemo itevedzerwe ukuwo mari yekudyara muzvivakwa ichishanda zvakanaka. Maitiro ekusarudza anoenderana nekuongorora kugona kwenetwork iripo, njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza, uye zvinodiwa zvekutaurirana zvevashandisi vekupedzisira.

Masisitimu akazvimirira ega ega kana akabatanidzwa

Masisitimu akazvimirira anoshanda akazvimiririra kubva kune network yebhizinesi, achishandisa mitsetse yeanalog yakatsaurirwa kana kubatana kwemasero akasiyana. Aya akasimba zvikuru kana network ikadzima kana kurwiswa paindaneti sezvo asingagovane zvivakwa zvakafanana netraffic yedata yeIT. Akanakira nzvimbo dziri dzoga kana zvivakwa zvine network dzeIT dzekare.

Masisitimu akabatanidzwa ane network, achishandisa SIP/VoIP, anobatanidza kutaurirana kwekukurumidzira neLAN/WAN yekambani. Maitiro aya anoderedza zvakanyanya mari inodzokororwa yenharembozha uye anogonesa manejimendi ari pakati nepakati kuburikidza nedashboard yakabatana. Masisitimu akabatanidzwa anotsigira maficha epamusoro senge nhepfenyuro huru, uko masipika ese efoni ekukurumidzira anogona kuvhurwa panguva imwe chete kuti abudise.zviziviso zvehurukuro dzeveruzhinjipanguva yedambudziko riri mukambasi yese. Zvisinei, zvinoda kushandiswa kwakasimba kwenetwork, kusanganisira maswichi eUPS-backed PoE (Power over Ethernet), kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti magetsi anoramba aripo panguva yekushaya simba.

Maitiro ekusarudza zvichienderana nekushandiswa

Kusarudza sisitimu yakanakisisa kunoda ongororo yakadzama yekushandiswa kwayo. Vatengi vanofanira kuyera nharaunda yavo nehunyanzvi hwakakodzera.

Nekuongorora zvakarongeka zvinodiwa izvi—kubva pakutevedzera mitemo yeADA uye MTBF ratings kusvika pakukwanisa kwe network topology uye integration—vanotarisira nzvimbo vanogona kuwana emergency phone system inopa nzira yekudzivirira matambudziko kana ichinyanya kudiwa.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Mhedzisiro yakakosha uye chikonzero cheEmergency Telephone System
• Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
• Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Chii chinonzi system yefoni yekukurumidzira?

Inzira yekutaurirana yakazvipira inobatanidza vashandisi zvakananga kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza, kutumira, kana nzvimbo yekutarisa pasina kunonoka kukuru, kunyangwe panguva yekuzara kwenetwork kana matambudziko emagetsi.

Sisitimu yefoni yekukurumidzira inoshanda sei?

Kana bhatani radzvanywa kana kuti nharembozha yasimudzwa, mudziyo wacho unodzvanya nhamba yakatarwa wobva watumira ruzivo rwenzvimbo kuitira kuti vanopindura vazive kuti runhare rwacho rwabva kupi.

Nhare dzekukurumidza dzinonyanya kudiwa kupi?

Anonyanya kubatsira mumigodhi, nzvimbo dzemafuta negesi, nzvimbo dzekutakura vanhu, makampasi, majeri, nenzvimbo dziri kunze kana dzine njodzi uko njodzi dzekufambisa vanhu dzinoenderana nemafambiro emota, ruzha, kana kuchengetedzeka dziri kukonzerwa nekutya.

Ndinofanira kusarudza mafoni e emergency ane analog, cellular, kana VoIP here?

Sarudza analog yemitsara yekare, nharembozha yenzvimbo dziri kure, uye VoIP/SIP yemakampasi kana maindasitiri anoda manejimendi ari pakati, kutariswa kwehutano, uye nyore kuparadzira.

Chii chinofanira kutariswa nevatengi pavanenge vachisarudza sisitimu yefoni yekukurumidza yeindasitiri?

Tarisa pakuvimbika, mishumo yenzvimbo, simba rekuchengetedza, dhizaini inodzivirira mamiriro ekunze kana kuputika, zvitupa zvakaita seATEX kana CE, uye rutsigiro rwevatengesi pakubatanidza, kuisa, nekugadzirisa.