Ndezvipi Zvitupa Zvinodiwa Pamafoni Anoratidza Kuputika?

Nhanganyaya

Kusarudza foni panzvimbo dzine njodzi kunosanganisira zvinopfuura hardware yakaoma kana kuti bhatiri refu; mubvunzo wakakosha ndewekuti ine zvitupa zvekuchengetedza zvakakodzera zvenzvimbo chaiyo, boka regesi, njodzi yeguruva, uye nharaunda yekushandisa. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura masisitimu makuru ezvitupa anoshandiswa kumafoni anodzivirira kuputika uye akachengeteka, kuti nei akakosha pakutevedzera mitemo uye kudzora njodzi, uye kuti ungaverenga sei zviratidzo zvemudziyo nemazvo. Pakupedzisira, uchakwanisa kusiyanisa zviyero zvakafanana, kunzwisisa zvavanobvumidza, uye kuongorora kana foni yakakodzera nzvimbo yako yekushanda.

Sei Zvitupa Zvefoni Zvichikosha Kuti Uratidze Kuputika Kwekuputika?

Kuisa zvishandiso zvekutaurirana nharembozha munzvimbo dzine njodzi kunoda kunyatsotevedzera mitemo yakakosha yekuchengetedza. Mafoni asingaputike uye akachengeteka mukati medu akagadzirwa kuti ashande zvakachengeteka munzvimbo dzine magasi anobvira moto, utsi, kana guruva rinobvira. Kunzwisisa hurongwa hwezvitupa zvinotonga zvishandiso izvi hakusi kungotevedzera mitemo chete; ingori mbiru huru yekutarisira njodzi dzemaindasitiri.

Masangano anotonga pasi rose anorayira kuti chero michina yemagetsi inounzwa munzvimbo ine njodzi inofanira kunge iine zvitupa zvakakodzera. Kukundikana kushandisa michina ine zvitupa zvakakodzera kunoisa zvivako zvemaindasitiri panjodzi huru dzekubatidza moto, zvirango zvemutemo, uye zvikanganiso zvakakomba zvekushanda.

Mhedzisiro panjodzi dzekushanda neinishuwarenzi

Kuiswa kwemafoni asina chitupa kana asina chitupa munzvimbo dzine njodzi kunowedzera njodzi yekushanda. Kana pakaitika njodzi yeindasitiri, vaongorori vanogara vachiongorora kutevedzera mitemo yemidziyo. Kana foni isina chitupa ikaonekwa senzvimbo inobatidza moto, kana kuti ikawanikwa iri munzvimbo inoputika, nzvimbo yacho inosangana nemigumisiro yakakomba yemutemo neyemari.

Inishuwarenzi dzemakambani ane njodzi huru, dzakadai semafuta negesikana kugadzirwa kwemakemikari, zvine zvikamu zvakasimba zvinoda kutevedzera zvizere mirairo yekuchengetedza yedunhu. Kushandisa michina isingatevedzere mitemo kunogona kubvisa pakarepo muripo webhizinesi. Uyezve, masangano anotonga akadai seOSHA (muUnited States) kana HSE (muUnited Kingdom) anopa zvirango zvakakura kune vasingatevedzere mitemo. Faindi dzekutyora mitemo nemaune dzinogona kudarika $150,000 pa citation imwe neimwe, nepo kukanganisa kukuru kwemari kwekuvharwa kwenzvimbo kunogona kupfuura $1,000,000 pazuva mukurasikirwa kwekugadzirwa.

Sei zvinodiwa zvechitupa zvichikanganisa kutenga

Nekuti zvitupa zvisingaputike zvinotungamira maitiro einjiniya, ekuedza, uye ekugadzira mudziyo, zvinoshandura zvakanyanya maitiro ekutenga. Midziyo ine zvitupa haigone kuwanikwa kuburikidza nenzira dzemagetsi dzevatengi. Mapoka ekutenga anofanirwa kutaura nevanogovera michina vemaindasitiri kana vagadziri vemidziyo yekutanga (OEMs) vanochengetedza masisitimu ekusimbisa mhando anodiwa.

Iyi nzira yekutengeserana ine chekuita nenguva dzekutengesa uye huwandu hweMinimum Order (MOQs). Kunyange hazvo mafoni ekutengesa achigona kutengwa mumazuva, nguva dzekutengesa dzemafoni ane certification eZone 1 kana Class I, Division 1 dzinowanzo tora mavhiki matanhatu kusvika gumi nemaviri nekuda kwekuyedzwa kwebatch uye zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekutevedza. Madhipatimendi ekutenga anofanira kufanotaura hupenyu hwemidziyo nemazvo, achitarisa nguva idzi dzakareba dzekutengesa uye mitengo yepamusoro inoenderana nehardware ine certification, kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro emumunda haana kukanganiswa.

Zvitupa Zvinodiwa Nedunhu uye Njodzi

Zvitupa zvenzvimbo dzine njodzi hazvina kuenzana nevanhu vose. Matunhu akasiyana anovimba nehurongwa hwakasiyana hwemitemo kuti aronge kuchengetedzeka kwemidziyo. Kunzwisisa kuti ndechipi chitupa chinoshanda kune imwe nzvimbo uye rudzi rwenjodzi kwakakosha pakutevedzera mitemo yepasi rose.

Zvitupa zvepakati zvinoshandiswa mumisika yese

Mamiriro epasi rose emidziyo ine njodzi munzvimbo inotongwa nezvirongwa zvikuru zvezvitupa. Kunyange zvazvo paine kusundidzirana kwekubatana kuburikidza neIECEx system, mitemo yedunhu ichiri kutonga zvinodiwa pakutevedzera mitemo.

Makambani epasi rose anowanzo tsvaga michina ine zvitupa zviviri kana zvitatu (semuenzaniso, ATEX, IECEx, uye UL) kuti iite kuti ngarava dzavo dzepasi rose dzienderane, kunyange hazvo michina iyi ine zvitupa zvepasi rose ichida mutengo wakakosha.

Gasi, guruva, migodhi, kirasi yetembiricha, uye mwero wemidziyo

Zvitupa zvinoronga njodzi zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvinhu zvinobvira, mukana wekuvapo kwazvo, uye miganhu yekupisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Pasi pehurongwa hweATEX/IECEx, nharaunda dzakakamurwa kuita MaZone (Zone 0, 1, uye 2 yemagasi; Zone 20, 21, uye 22 yeguruva). Sisitimu yekuNorth America inowanzo shandisa Makirasi neMakakatanwa (semuenzaniso, Kirasi I, Kirasi 1 kana 2).

Midziyo inofanirawo kuverengerwa paGas Groups (dzakadai seIIA yePropane, IIB yeEthylene, uye IIC yeHydrogen) uye Temperature Classes (T-Codes). Temperature Class inoratidza tembiricha yepamusoro iyo mudziyo uchasvika kana paine dambudziko. Semuenzaniso, T4 rating inovimbisa kuti pamusoro pemudziyo haizopfuure 135°C, zvichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka kumagasi ane tembiricha yepamusoro yekupisa, nepo T6 rating yakasimba ichivimbisa kuti pamusoro payo panogara pasi pe85°C.Zvikumbiro zvekuchera migodhizvinoda zvitupa zvakasiyana zveCategory M1 kana M2 nekuda kwenjodzi dzekushandisa fireamp (methane) neguruva remarasha.

Humbowo hwekuputika kana kuti hwakachengeteka

Kunyange zvazvo zvichiwanzoshandiswa zvakafanana muhurukuro dzisina kurongwa, mashoko ekuti “haibvumiri kuputika” uye “haikwanisike mukati” anoreva nzira dzakasiyana zvachose dzekudzivirira kuputika. Makomba asingabvumiri kuputika (Ex d) akagadzirwa kuti achengetedze kuputika kwemukati uye kutonhodza magasi anobuda kuitira kuti asabatidze mhepo yakapoteredza. Nzira iyi inowanzo konzera dzimba dzesimbi dzakakura, dzakakura.

Kusiyana neizvi, dhizaini yakachengeteka (IS kana Ex i) inodzivirira simba rekupisa kuti risaitike pakutanga. Midziyo yeIS inoderedza simba remagetsi nekupisa riripo mudunhu. Kune nharembozha, kuchengetedzeka kwemukati ndiyo nzira yakajairika, sezvo ichibvumira magadzirirwo akareruka uye akarongeka. Kuti uwane chitupa cheIS, circuitry yemudziyo inowanzo ganhurira kushanda zvakanaka pasi pemiganhu yekupisa, kazhinji ichiganhurira hunhu hwesimba kusvika pasi pe1.2V kana kudhonza pasi pe100mA muma sub-circuits akakosha.

Maitiro Ekusimbisa Kutevedzera Mutemo Kunze Kwechiratidzo

Kuvimba chete nechiratidzo chaicho kana chiratidzo cheEx chakavezwa pachassis yemudziyo hazvina kukwana pakuongorora kwakasimba kwekutevedzera mitemo. Midziyo yenhema uye zvitupa zvapera zvine njodzi huru, zvinoda kuti zvikwata zvekutenga neEHS (Environment, Health, and Safety) zvionekwe kuti zvinotevedzera mitemo kuburikidza nemagwaro epamutemo uye zvirevo zvehunyanzvi.

Magwaro anofanira kuongororwa nevatengi

Kuti vanyatsoona kuti mudziyo uyu unotevedzera mitemo yawo, vatengi vanofanira kukumbira nekuongorora magwaro akakosha kubva kumugadziri. Gwaro rekutanga iDeclaration of Conformity (DoC), iro rinosunga mugadziri zviri pamutemo kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa. Zvisinei, DoC inofanira kutsigirwa nechitupa chinoshanda kubva kusangano rakazvimirira reNotified Body (rakadai seSGS, TÜV, kana UL).

Vatengi vanofanira kutarisa nhamba yechitupa inowanikwa pane label yemudziyo nedhatabhesi reNotified Body repamhepo kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti chitupa hachina kubviswa kana kumiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, vagadziri vanofanirwa kuve neQuality Assurance Notification (QAN) inoshanda kana Quality Assessment Report (QAR). Mishumo iyi inosimbisa kuti zvivakwa zvemugadziri zvinoongororwa zvakasimba—zvinowanzodiwa mwedzi gumi nemisere yega yega—kuve nechokwadi chekuti mayuniti akagadzirwa akawanda anoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvemuenzaniso wakaedzwa.

Kubvumidzwa kwenzvimbo, kuenderana kwemutakuri, uye shanduko dzefirmware

Chitupa chenzvimbo ine njodzi chinongovhara kuchengetedzeka kwekupisa; mudziyo unofanirwa kushanda zvakanaka sefoni yebhizinesi. Vatengi vanofanirwa kusimbisa mvumo yekutaurirana munharaunda, sengeFCC(United States), CE (Europe), kana PTCRB certifications, zvichivimbisa kuti mudziyo uyu unoshanda zviri pamutemo uye zvine hunyanzvi pama network ekutakura nharembozha emunharaunda.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, zvitupa zvekuchengetedza zvemukati zvakabatana zvakanyanya nehardware uye mamiriro esoftware yemuchina. Kugadziriswa kwefirmware isina mvumo kana OS updates zvinogona kuchinja chimiro chekutonga kwesimba remuchina we processor. Kana firmware update isina mvumo ikachinja kukwirira kwesimba rebhatiri ne50mA, inogona kusundira mudziyo kunze kwemiganhu yayo yekupisa kana yemagetsi, nekukasika ichibvisa chitupa chakachengeteka. Vatengi vanofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti OEM inopa pombi inodzorwa, yakasimbiswa yekuchengetedzwa kwemhepo (OTA) uye firmware updates.

Maitiro Ekuenzanisa Mafoni Ane Umboo Hwekuputika Akasimbiswa

Kuenzanisa mafoni asingaputike kunoda kuongorora kuti mudziyo unonyatsoenderana sei nemitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ano zvekufambisa mabhizinesi. Mudziyo wakachengeteka zvakakwana asi usina simba rekugadzirisa kana hupenyu hwebhatiri kuti ushande nemaindasitiri akakosha pakupedzisira unozokanganisa kugona kwevashandi vemumunda.

Zvinodiwa zvikuru pakuenzanisa zvinhu zviri padivi nepadivi

Pakuongorora michina ine zvitupa padivi nepadivi, mapoka ekutenga anofanira kutarisa kupfuura chiyero cheEx kuti aongorore zviyero zvekufamba kwebhizinesi. Zvinodiwa zvikuru zvinosanganisira kugona kwebhatiri, dziviriro yekupinda (IP rating), kugadzirwa kwepurosesa, kuonekwa kwechiso muzuva rakananga, uye kuenderana nemapuratifomu eMobile Device Management (MDM).

Pamusoro pezvo, kuongorora kana mudziyo une Android Enterprise Recommended (AER) kwakakosha, sezvo kuchivimbisa kuti zviri nyore kushandisa, zvigadziriso zvekuchengetedza, uye kuvimbika kwehardware yebhizinesi.

Kuchinjana pakati pezvitupa, kugara kwenguva refu, kubatana, uye mutengo

Mainjiniya anodiwa kuti pave nekuchengetedzeka kwemukati memota anoda kuchinjana kwakakosha. Kuti vaderedze kuburitswa kwemafuta nemagetsi, vagadziri vemidziyo yeZone 1 / Division 1 vanofanira kugara vachideredza kumhanya kwema processor, kuderedza kugona kwemabhatiri, uye kushandisa zvikamu zvekare, zvakaedzwa zvakanaka pane kushandisa tekinoroji yemazuva ano.

Mutengo ndiwo musiyano mukuru. Kunyange hazvo foni yebhizinesi yakajairika inogona kudhura pakati pemadhora mazana mashanu nemazana masere ($500) nemadhora mazana masere ($800), mudziyo une certification yeZone 2 yakachengetedzwa zvine mwero unowanzo bva pamadhora zana nemakumi maviri ($1,200) kusvika zana nemakumi masere ($1,800). Kune nzvimbo dzine miganhu yakanyanya, Zone 1 ine certification yakazara.Smartphone yakachengeteka zvikuruinogona kudhura kubva pamadhora zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu kusvika zviuru zvina payuniti imwe neimwe. Masangano anofanirwa kunyatsoongorora nzvimbo dzavanoshandira kuti vasanyanya kutsanangura; kuisa mudziyo weZone 1 wemadhora zviuru zvitatu nemazana mashanu munzvimbo yeZone 2 kunoreva kushandiswa kwemari kusingakoshi uye kunomanikidza vashandisi kuti vashande nemidziyo inorema, isingashande zvakanaka kupfuura zvinodiwa.

Maitiro Ekusarudza Nhare Yakakodzera Yakanyoreswa

Kusarudza foni yakakodzera isingaputike ibasa rinoda mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Zvinoda kuti pave nemusiyano uripo pakati pezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza zvinorayirwa neEHS, zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi nekuchengetedzwa kwedhipatimendi reIT, uye bhajeti rinodzorwa neProcurement.

Maitiro ekuita EHS, engineering, uye kutenga nhanho nhanho

Maitiro ekusarudza anofanira kutanga neEHS ichiita marongero akazara enjodzi yenzvimbo iyi kuti ione Nzvimbo kana Madhivisheni chaiwo uko michina yacho ichashanda, pamwe chete neGas Groups neTembiricha Classes dziripo. Kunyatsotsanangura kunodzivisa sarudzo dzemidziyo, ukuwo kusatsanangura kuchiita kuti pave nenjodzi huru.

Kana gwaro rekusimbisa rinodiwa ravepo, Engineering neIT vanofanira kutsanangura zvinodiwa nesoftware nekubatana. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutsanangura maapplication anodiwa, kuongorora Wi-Fi kana LTE/5G munzvimbo dzine njodzi, uye kusimbisa kuenderana kweMDM. IT inofanira kuraira chibvumirano chekutsigira mudziyo chinovimbisa makore matatu kusvika mashanu ekuvandudzwa kwezvigamba zvekuchengetedza. Chekupedzisira, Procurement inotora izvi zvakasanganiswa kuti iwane zvishandiso kubva kune vanogovera vane mvumo, kutaurirana mawaranti akawedzerwa uye kuongorora mutengo wekuva muridzi (TCO) pane kungova mutengo wehardware wekutanga.

Maitiro ekusarudza ekuenzanisa kwenyika dzakawanda

Kumakambani epasi rose, kuisa modhi imwe chete yemuchina une certification pasi rose kunopa mashandiro akanaka. Zvisinei, kuisa muchimiro kunoda kusarudza michina ine zvitupa zvakawanda zvedunhu (semuenzaniso, ATEX yenzvimbo dzekuEurope, UL/CSA yenzvimbo dzekuNorth America, uye IECEx yeAsia-Pacific).

Kunyange zvazvo michina miviri kana mitatu ine certification ine mutengo wepamusoro wekutanga, ROI yenguva refu yakakosha. Kuisa hardware papuratifomu imwe chete yehardware kunoderedza mari yeIT nekubvumira MDM profile yakabatana uye application stack. Uyezve, zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvirambe zvichigadziriswa. Ongororo yehuwandu hwemaindasitiri inoratidza kuti kubatanidza maSKU emafoni emhando yepamusoro pasi rose kunogona kuderedza mari yemidziyo yemidziyo yekushambadzira ne20% kusvika 30%, ukuwo zvichideredza mutoro wekutonga wekutevera mararamiro akasiyana emunharaunda.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Mhedzisiro yakakosha uye chikonzero chemafoni ekudzivirira kuputika
• Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
• Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndezvipi zvitupa zvinowanzo diwa pamafoni asingaputike?

Zvinoenderana nenzvimbo uye njodzi. ATEX yeEU, IECEx yemapurojekiti epasi rose, UL/CSA HazLoc yeNorth America, NEPSI yeChina, uye INMETRO yeBrazil.

Ndingaziva sei kana foni yakakodzera nzvimbo yangu ine njodzi?

Enzanisa chitupa chefoni nechikamu chewebsite yako: Zone kana Kirasi/Division, gasi kana guruva, uye kirasi yetembiricha. Chiratidzo chiri pachitupa ne nameplate chinofanira kuenderana nekuongorora kwenzvimbo yako.

Chitupa cheIECEx chakakwana here kunyika dzese?

Kwete. IECEx inozivikanwa zvikuru, asi nyika zhinji dzichiri kuda mvumo dzemuno dzakadai seATEX, UL/CSA, NEPSI, kana INMETRO. Gara uchisimbisa zvinodiwa pamutemo zvenzvimbo yekuisa.

Sei vatengi vachifanira kudzivirira mafoni evatengi munzvimbo dzinoputika?

Nhare dzevatengi hadziwanzo bvumidzwa kuti dzive munzvimbo dzine njodzi. Kudzishandisa kunogona kukonzera njodzi yekupisa, kukanganisa kutevedzera mitemo yenzvimbo, uye kunogona kukanganisa inishuwarenzi uye mhosva yezviitiko.

Siniwo angabatsira here kuwana mafoni ane magwaro ekushandisa mumapurojekiti emaindasitiri?

Ehe. Siniwo inopa zvigadzirwa zvekutaurirana zvemaindasitiri munzvimbo dzine njodzi uye inogona kubatsira kuenzanisa sarudzo dzefoni dzisingaputike nezvinodiwa nemapurojekiti, zvitupa, uye zvinodiwa pakuiswa.