Nhanganyaya
Kukurumidza kupindura panjodzi kunoenderana nezvinopfuura kumhanya kwemupinduri; zvinotanga nekuti kufona kunoiswa sei, kunotumirwa sei, uye kunonzwisiswa nekukurumidza. Masisitimu efoni dzenjodzi akagadzirwa kubvisa kunonoka kwakajairika senge kufona, kuzara kwenetwork, uye kushuma nzvimbo zvisina kujeka, zvichipa vanotumira ruzivo nekukurumidza uye runogona kuitwa. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kuti mafoni enjodzi akazvipira anopfupisa sei nguva dzekutanga dzechiitiko, kwaanoita kupfuura mafoni efoni akajairwa, uye izvo zvinonyanya kuvandudza kubatana nemapoka ekuchengetedza nemasangano ekuchengetedza veruzhinji. Nechirevo ichocho, muviri unoongorora zvinhu chaizvo zvinoshanda uye zvehunyanzvi zvinoita kuti nguva dzekupindura dzikurumidze kuyerwa.
Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Nhare dzeEmergency
Kana pakaitika emergency, musiyano uripo pakati pechiitiko chekutanga nekusvika kwevanotanga kupindura ndiyo nzira inonyanya kukosha yekuderedza kukuvara. Ma network ekukurukurirana ekutengeserana echinyakare anowanzo unza kunonoka kusingatarisirwi panguva yematambudziko, nepo masisitimu efoni e emergency akatsaurirwa akagadzirwa kuti adzvanye nguva iyi. Nekugadzira mutsetse wakananga, usingapindiki kuenda kune vanotumira, masisitimu aya anogona kuderedza nguva dzekutanga dzekushuma kubva paavhareji yakajairwa yemaminetsi maviri kusvika matatu kusvika pasi pemasekondi makumi matatu.
Kunonoka kwekushanda kwavanoderedza
Munguva yekushushikana kwakanyanya, vanhu vanovimba nemafoni avo vanowanzo sangana nekunonoka kushanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuvhura midziyo, kufona, kumirira kuti vanhu vasataure kuti vari kupi chaizvo. Munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda kana panguva yezviitiko zvakawanda, kuwanda kwenharembozha dzemunzvimbo imwe chete kunogona kuvharira mafoni anobuda, zvichikonzera kukundikana kunogona kudarika 15% panguva yematambudziko makuru.
Masisitimu efoni ekukurumidzira akagadzirirwabvisa matambudziko aya. Kana ikabatidzwa nebhatani rimwe chete, hardware iyi inotanga kubatana ipapo ipapo, ichidzivisa kuzara kwenetwork yefoni (PSTN) uye inotungamira mushandisi zvakananga kukuchengetedzwa kwekambasi, manejimendi yenzvimbo, kana kune imwe nzvimbo chaiyo yePublic Safety Answering Point (PSAP).
Mhedzisiro yekutumira mafoni uye kururama kwenzvimbo
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukanganisa nguva yekupindura chinobva pakubvisa kusanzwisisika kwenzvimbo. Mafoni efoni 911 anowanzo shandiswa pachikamu chechipiri cheE911, icho chinogona kuva nemhedzisiro yekukanganisa kubva pamamita makumi mashanu kusvika mazana matatu, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda mumaguta kana zvivakwa zvine nhurikidzwa dzakawanda. Izvi zvinomanikidza vanotumira kuti vapedze masekondi akakosha vachibvunza munhu ari kufona nezvekwaari.
Masisitimu efoni dzemazuva ano dzinoshandisa nzira dzeAutomatic Number Identification (ANI) neAutomatic Location Identification (ALI) kutumira ma "geographic coordinates" chaiwo kana "specific building nodes" anowanikwa pa "millisecond" inosanganiswa nefoni. Vatengesi vanoona mepu yenzvimbo ipapo ipapo ichiratidza nzvimbo inoshanda, zvichivabvumira kuisa vashandi vekuchengetedza kana vekurapa kwekukurumidzira kunzvimbo chaiyo ine daro rakaderera risingasviki mamita gumi.
Chii Chinotsanangura Sisitimu Yefoni Yekukurumidza Inoshanda Nepamusoro
Haasi ese ma endpoints ekutaurirana anokwanisa kushanda zvakanaka pasi pekumanikidzwa kana mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Sisitimu yefoni inoshanda zvakanyanya inotsanangurwa nekusimba kwayo mumuviri, kujeka kweruzha, uye kugona kwayo kuchinjika netekinoroji. Vatengi vemasangano vanowanzo da hardware inosangana nemazinga akasimba ekudzivirira kupinda, akadai se IP66 yekudzivirira guruva nemvura, kana NEMA 4X yekudzivirira ngura.
Zvikamu zvepakati zvinonyanya kukosha
Zvinhu zvikuru zvepa emergency terminal yakavimbika zvinopfuura maikorofoni nespika. Ruzha rwakazara runodiwa, zvichibvumira munhu anofona neanotumira kuti vataure panguva imwe chete vasina kudimbura kana kurira. Maalgorithms epamusoro ekudzima ruzha akabatanidzwa kuti abvise ruzha rwemhepo, zvichideredza ruzha rwekumashure nemadecibel makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu, izvo zvakakosha munzvimbo dzekufambisa vanhu, migwagwa mikuru, kana nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri.
Zvinhu zvinoonekwa zvine basa rakakoshawo. Ma LED strobes anoonekwa zvakanyanya, anowanzo buritsa simba remakenduru riri pakati pe1.5 miriyoni uye 320 lumens, anoshanda pakutanga kwekufona. Izvi hazvingosimbisi munhu anofona chete asi zvinoshanda sechiratidzo chekuona kune vanosvika, zvichideredza nguva yekutsvaga munzvimbo huru dzekupaka mota kana nzvimbo dzerima.
Sarudzo dzeAnalog vs VoIP vs cellular vs wireless
Tekinoroji yekutumira zvinhu iri pasi apa ndiyo inosarudza zvinodiwa pakuiswa kwayo uye kuvimbika kwenguva refu kwesystem iyi. Vatariri vezvivakwa vanofanira kusarudza pakati peanalog,Izwi pamusoro peInternet Protocol (VoIP), magadzirirwo enharembozha, uye ega ega asingashandise waya zvichibva pane zvivakwa zviripo uye zvipingamupinyi zvenzvimbo.
| Rudzi rweTekinoroji | Zvinodiwa pakuvaka zvivakwa | Simba Rinobva | Kunonoka Kwakajairika | Chinhu Chinobatsira Chaizvo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analogi | Waya dzemhangura (RJ11) | Inoshandisa tambo (48V DC) | < 50 ms | Inoshanda kana grid yemagetsi yemunharaunda ikakundikana |
| VoIP (SIP) | Ethernet / Faibha (RJ45) | Simba pamusoro peEthernet (PoE) | 50 - 150 ms | Kubatanidzwa kwakadzama neIT uye network dzekuchengetedza |
| Nharembozha | Mamodhemu eLTE / 5G | AC yezuva kana yemunharaunda ine bhatiri | 100 - 300 ms | Yakanakira nzvimbo dziri kure dzisina waya |
| Wireless (RF) | Network yeRF yepfuma | AC yezuva kana yemunharaunda ine bhatiri | < 100 ms | Kutumirwa nekukurumidza pasina mari yekuderedza njodzi |
Masisitimu eVoIP anoshandisa Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) ave ndiwo anoshandiswa muindasitiri pakutumira ma "deployments" matsva nekuda kwekushanda zvakanaka kwebandwidth. Anowanzo da 100 kbps chete pa "active call" ukuwo achitakura data re "high-definition" uye data re "continuous diagnostic" kuburikidza ne "connection" imwe chete.
Kugadzira Sisitimu uye Kubatanidza Kubatsira Pakukurumidza Kupindura Panjodzi
Kuwana michina yemhando yepamusoro ingori danho rekutanga; kuiswa kwayo uye kubatanidzwa kwedhijitari kwenzvimbo idzi dzekupedzisira kunoratidza kushanda kwechokwadi kwenetwork. Chishandiso chisina kuiswa zvakanaka chine 99.9% nguva yekushanda ichiri kupa zero muzana yekubudirira kana munhu akasakwanisa kusvika pairi mukati memasekonzi.
Maitiro ekuisa nzvimbo kuti pave nekufukidza kwakanyanya
Maitiro ekuisa nharembozha anoti mafoni enjodzi anofanira kuiswa achishandisa nzira yekutarisa. Munzvimbo dzakashama dzakadai semayunivhesiti kana nzvimbo dzekupaka mota dzemakambani, nzira dzakanakisisa dzeindasitiri dzinokurudzira kuti nzvimbo dzisapfuure mamita 200 kusvika 300. Munhu ari munjodzi anofanira kukwanisa kuona zviratidzo zviviri zvenjodzi kubva chero kupi zvako kwaanogona kuona.
Kune nzvimbo dziri mukati meimba, nzvimbo yacho inofanira kukoshesa nzvimbo dzine njodzi huru kana dzakaparadzana, dzakadai semasitepisi, nzvimbo dzemaelevator, uye nzvimbo dzekupaka dzepasi pevhu uko zviratidzo zvefoni zvinowanzo derera. Zvikamu zvinofanira kuiswa panzvimbo dzinoonekwa zvakanyanya, kudzivirira makona asingaonekwe kana nzvimbo dzakavharirwa nezvipingamupinyi kana kugadzira miti.
Kubatanidzwa nehurongwa hwekutumira uye hwekuzivisa vanhu vakawanda
Kuti nguva yekupindura ikurumidze, mafoni enjodzi anofanira kushanda sema node mukati mekuchengetedza kwakakura. Kana akabatanidzwa neVideo Management Systems (VMS), kudzvanya bhatani renjodzi kunogona kuita kuti makamera ePan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) ari pedyo anyatsotarisa paterminal, zvichipa vanotumira ruzivo rwemamiriro ezvinhu ipapo ipapo vasati vatombotaura neanofona.
Uyezve, kubatanidzwa nemapuratifomu ekuzivisa vanhu vakawanda kunobvumira maspika ari panhare dzenjodzi kushandiswa senzira yekukurukurirana nevanhu vakawanda munzvimbo yakakura. Munguva yekutyisidzira kana mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, vanotumira vanogona kuparadzira mirairo yeaudio yakatonyorwa kare kana mhenyu pamaterminal ese panguva imwe chete, vachiwana ma decibel levels anokwanisa kusvika pamamita mazana mana payuniti imwe neimwe.
Zvinodiwa zvikuru pakuenzanisa sarudzo dzesystem
Pakuenzanisa sarudzo dzesystem, vanoita sarudzo vanofanirwa kuongorora zviyero zvekushanda zvine chinangwa pamwe chete nezvikamu zvemaficha. Zvinodiwa zvikuru zvinosanganisira Nguva Yepakati Pakati Pekukundikana (MTBF) inodarika maawa 50,000, zvichiita kuti hardware irambe yakavimbika kwenguva refu. Vatengi vanofanirawo kuongorora kugona kukuru kwekufona panguva imwe chete.sevha yepakati, zvichiita kuti sisitimu ikwanise kubata nekukwira kamwe kamwe kwesimba mukushandiswa pasina kudonhedza kubatana.
Maitiro Ekuongorora Kutevedzera Mutemo, Kugadzirisa, uye Rutsigiro rweVatengesi
Network yekukurukurirana yekukurumidza ine mutoro wakakura. Kukundikana kuzadzisa mitemo yepamutemo kana kuregeredza kugadzirisa nguva dzose kunogona kukonzera kutadza kukuru panguva yechiitiko, zvichiteverwa nemigumisiro yakaipa yemutemo. Masangano anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yekuvaka yakasimba uye kuenderana nezvinodiwaISOnheyo dzekutarisira mhando kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvichagara zvakagadzirira kushanda.
Makodhi, kuwanikwa, uye zvinodiwa pakuyedza
Kutevedzera mitemo kunotanga nekukwanisa kushandiswa. Pasi pemutemo weAmericans with Disabilities Act (ADA) pamwe chete nezvinodiwa nenyika dzakasiyana, nzvimbo dzefoni dzinofanira kuiswa kuitira kuti zvikamu zvinokwanisa kushandiswa zvive pakati pemasendimita makumi matatu nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere kubva pasi rapera. Midziyo yacho inofanira kusanganisira mavara eBraille, mabhatani ekufona akasimudzwa, uye kushanda pasina kushandisa maoko kuti zvigamuchire vanhu vane matambudziko ekufamba kana kuona.
Kuiswa kwemaerevheta kunotarisana nekuongororwa kwakawedzerwa kwemitemo, kunowanzo tungamirirwa nemakodhi eASME A17.1. Mitemo iyi inorayira kuti kutaurirana kwemaerevheta kunofanirwa kuendeswa otomatiki kunzvimbo yekutarisa ine vashandi 24/7 uye kunosanganisira kugona kutaurirana kwevhidhiyo kana magwaro kune vane matambudziko ekunzwa.
Kugadzirisa, kuongorora chirwere, uye kuronga kudzoserwa kwevashandi
Maitiro ekugadzirisa akachinja zvakanyanya kubva pakuedza nemaoko kusvika pakuedzakuongorora otomatikiMasisitimu ekare aida kuti vashandi vekuchengetedza vafambe-fambe mukambasi uye vaedze yuniti yega yega mwedzi wega wega. Masystem emazuva ano eVoIP nemaseru ane software yekuzviongorora iyo inoongorora nzvimbo yega yega nguva nenguva kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda.
| Chikamu Chekugadzirisa | Kuongororwa Kuwanda | Kutarisa Kuongorora | Chiito Chekudzoserwa Kwemari |
|---|---|---|---|
| Danho 1 (Inozvigadzira Otomatiki) | Maawa gumi nemaviri kusvika makumi maviri nemana ega ega | Kubatana kwenetiweki, mamiriro emagetsi, kunyoresa kweSIP | Nyevero yakagadzirwa mu central dashboard |
| Danho rechipiri (Acoustic) | Vhiki rega rega | Kusimba kwemaikorofoni/mutauri kuburikidza nekuyedza matauriro | Odha yebasa inotumirwa kana muganho ukakundikana |
| Danho rechitatu (Remuviri) | Kaviri pagore | Kutendeseka kwenzvimbo yakavharirwa, kupenya kwestrobe, makanika emabhatani | Kutsiva Hardware kana firmware flash |
Kuronga kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwakakoshawo. Zvibvumirano zvekutsigira vatengesi zvinofanira kuvimbisa kuti maseva makuru anoshanda munzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda. Mapoinzi emagetsi emunharaunda anofanira kunge aine maUPS (Uninterruptible power supplies) kana mabheteri emuno anokwanisa kuchengetedza kushanda kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere, uye nguva yekutaura nguva dzose kwemaawa mana panguva yekukundikana kwegridi.
Sarudzo dzekusarudza Sisitimu yefoni yeEmergency
Kusarudza sisitimu yefoni yekukurumidzira yakakodzera kunoda hurongwa hwakarongeka hwekutenga hunoenzanisa mari inoshandiswa nekukurumidza nekutsungirira kwenguva refu kwekushanda. Masangano anofanira kupfuura kuenzanisa zvigadzirwa zvisina musoro uye kuita ongororo yakazara yenzvimbo uye njodzi.
Maitiro ekuongorora nhanho nhanho
Maitiro ekuongorora anotanga nekuongorora zvivakwa zvemuviri. Mapoka enzvimbo anofanira kuronga nzira dziripo dzekutaurirana, vachicherechedza kuwanikwa kwe dark fiber, spare copper pairs, uye PoE-capable.switch yenetiwekiOngororo iyi inoratidza kana kushandiswa kwewaya kana kuti isina waya ndiko kwakanakira.
Mushure mekuongorora, kuongororwa kwenjodzi munzvimbo kunobatsira kuona kugara kwenguva refu kwemakamuri. Nzvimbo yegungwa inoda simbi isingatsvedzeri yemhando ye316 yemhando yegungwa kudzivirira ngura yemunyu, nepo kambani yekambani iri mukati menyika inogona kukoshesa kubatanidzwa kwerunako uye kuramba kuparadzwa. Chekupedzisira, vane chekuita nehurongwa hwekufambisa mafoni vanofanira kuronga nzira yekufambisa mafoni: kuona kuti ndiani anopindura foni panguva dzebasa kana mushure mekushanda, uye kana basa rekutarisa rebato rechitatu richidikanwa.
Maitiro ekuyera mutengo, kukura, uye kubatanidzwa
Kuyera mutengo, kukura, uye kubatanidzwa kunoda kuongorora Mutengo Wese weKuvaka (TCO) mumakore manomwe kusvika gumi ehupenyu. Kunyange zvazvo masisitimu eanalog angaratidza mitengo yakaderera yekutanga yehardware (kazhinji pakati pemadhora mazana mashanu nemadhora zana nemakumi maviri ($500) nemadhora zana nemakumi maviri ($1,200) payuniti imwe neimwe), mari yekuchengetedza mitsetse yemhangura yakatsaurirwa inogona kuwedzera zviuru zvemadhora mumari inodzokororwa yegore negore yekutakura.
Kusiyana neizvi, VoIP nemafoni endpoints ane mitengo yakakwira yekutanga—kubva pa$1,500 kusvika $3,500 payuniti imwe neimwe—asi anoshandisa maIT network aripo, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mabhiri ekutaurirana pamwedzi. Kukwanisa kuwedzera mashandiro eIP kunobatsirawo zvakanyanya masisitimu akavakirwa paIP; kuwedzera terminal itsva yeVoIP kukambasi iri kukura kunoda kudzikiswa kamwe chete kwenetwork, avhareji ye$3 kusvika $5 pafuremu yekubatanidza mawaya, pamwe chete nesoftware rezenisi, pane kudzosera mitsetse mitsva yakatsaurirwa yeanalog kunzvimbo yepakati yekuganhura.
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva
- Mhedzisiro yakakosha uye chikonzero cheEmergency Phone Systems
- Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
- Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Masisitimu efoni dzekukurumidza anovandudza sei nguva yekupindura?
Vanobatanidza nebhatani rimwe chete, vanodzivisa kunonoka kwekufona pafoni, uye vanotumira ruzivo rwenzvimbo ipapo ipapo, zvichibatsira vanopindura kusvika nekukurumidza.
Ndeipi system yefoni yekukurumidzira inoshanda zvakanyanya kune webhusaiti yangu?
Shandisa VoIP pazvivakwa zvine network, analog yekudzivirira kutadza kwemagetsi, nharembozha kunzvimbo dziri kure, uye wireless kana kuchera migero kusingashande.
Sei kurongeka kwenzvimbo kuchikosha zvikuru pakufona kwekukurumidza?
Nzvimbo chaiyo yeANI/ALI inobvumira vanotumira kutumira rubatsiro kunzvimbo chaiyo nekukasika, zvichideredza nguva inoshandiswa pakusimbisa kuti munhu ari kufona aripi.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvandinofanira kutsvaga pafoni yekunze yekukurumidzira?
Sarudza dziviriro yeIP66 kana NEMA 4X, odhiyo yakazara-duplex, kudzima ruzha, uye strobe ye LED yakajeka kuti ionekwe uye igare kwenguva refu.
Nhare dzeSINIWO dze emergency dzinogona kubatana here nedzekuchengetedza dziripo kana kuti PBX systems?
Ehe. SINIWO inopa mafoni ekukurumidzira anoenderana neSIP/VoIP anogona kubatana neIP PBX, madhesiki ekuchengetedza, uye mafambisirwo ebasa ekugadzirisa matambudziko.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-27-2026