Gwaro rekutenga runhare reProjekti dzeMaindasitiri rine humbowo hwekuputika

Nhanganyaya

Kusarudza michina yekutaurirana panzvimbo dzine njodzi kunosanganisira zvinopfuura kungoenzanisa zvinhu nemutengo. Mumapurojekiti emaindasitiri, foni isingaputike inofanira kutevedzera mitemo yekupatsanura nzvimbo, kumira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ekushanda, uye kuramba yakavimbika panguva dzenjodzi apo kutaurirana kunonyanya kukosha. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zviyero zvakakosha, hunyanzvi, uye zvinhu zvezvakatipoteredza zvinofanirwa kuumba sarudzo yekutenga. Vaverengi vachadzidza kuenzanisa zvinodiwa zvechitupa, kugara kwenguva refu kwenzvimbo, mashandiro enzwi, zvinodiwa zvemagetsi nekuisa, uye zvinhu zvekuchengetedza hupenyu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kusarudza michina inotsigira kutevedzera mitemo, kuramba ichishanda, uye kuchengetedzeka kwevashandi.

Nei Gwaro Rekutenga Runhare Rinoratidza Kuputika Richikosha?

Kutenga michina yekutaurirana yenzvimbo dzine njodzi dzemaindasitiri kunoda kushandisa mitemo yakaoma yekuchengetedzwa, hunyanzvi, uye zvinodiwa pakushanda. Nhare isingaputi haisi chinhu chekutaurirana chete; chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza hupenyu chakagadzirwa kudzivirira kupisa kwemagasi anoputika, utsi, kana guruva rinobvira. Kusarudza michina isiriyo kunogona kukonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka, faindi dzemutemo, uye njodzi huru kuvashandi.

Gwaro iri rinopa nyanzvi dzeinjiniya, dzekutenga, uye dzekushanda nzira yakarongeka yekuongorora, kusarudza, uye kushandisa mafoni asingaputike. Nekunzwisisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekupatsanura nzvimbo dzine njodzi, masangano anogona kugadzirisa mari yavo yekushandisa uku achivimbisa kutaurirana kusingadzoreki panguva yekushanda kwakakosha.

Kukundikana kwekutaurirana munzvimbo dzine njodzi kunowedzera sei njodzi yepurojekiti

Munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru dzakadai sekuchenesa petrochemical, kuchera kuchera kunze kwenyika, uyemigodhi yepasi pevhu, zvivakwa zvekutaurirana zvinoumba musimboti wekupindura nekukurumidza. Kana nharembozha yeindasitiri ikakundikana mumamiriro ekunze asina kugadzikana, inogona kushanda senzvimbo yekubatidza moto. Kunze kwenjodzi yekuputika kwekukurumidza, mhedzisiro yechipiri yekukundikana kwekutaurirana kunonoka kupindura nekukurumidza. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, kunonoka kupfuura nguva yakatarwa yemaminitsi matatu emhinduro yekukurumidzira kunogona kuwedzera njodzi dzemunzvimbo iyoyo kuita njodzi dzinoitika munzvimbo dzese.

Uyezve, nguva yekushanda kwekutaurirana inokanganisa zvakanyanya mari.chikamu chemafuta negesi, nguva yekusashanda isina kurongwa inogona kudarika $250,000 paawa. Kana nzvimbo yekubatira ikasakwanisa kutaurirana nemainjiniya munzvimbo yeZone 1 nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwefoni, kugadzirwa kunofanira kumira kusvika nzira yekutaurirana yagadziriswazve. Kuisa mari mumidziyo inodzivirirwa kuputika kunoderedza kukanganiswa uku kunodhura uku uku uchiramba uchitevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza mabasa.

Ndedzipi nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri dzinoda nhare dzisingaputike

Kudiwa kwefoni isingaputike kunoenderana nekuvapo uye kuwanda kwemhepo inoputika, yakarongwa pasi rose neZone kana Division systems. Zvivako zvinobata mahydrocarbon anoputika, akadai seLNG terminals, chemical processing plants, uye aviation fuel depots, zvinoda ma certified communication nodes panguva dzakarongeka.

Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinoda mazinga akasiyana ekuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekubata zviyo inobata guruva rinobvira inodaChitupa cheATEX Zone 21 kana 22, nepo nzvimbo yekugadzira mafuta iri kunze kwenyika ichida zvitupa zvegasi zveZone 1 kana Zone 2. Kunzwisisa kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo yekuisa ndiro danho rekutanga rinosungirwa mukutenga.

Zvinodiwa zveUnyanzvi uye zveKutevedzera Mutemo

Kuongorora foni isingaputike kunoda kunzwisisa zvakadzama hunyanzvi hwayo uye kutevedzera mitemo. Vatengi vemaindasitiri vanofanira kutarisa zvinopfuura mashandiro ekutanga kuti vaongorore kuti magadzirirwo emuchina wacho anoenderana sei nenjodzi dziripo panzvimbo yekuiswa.

Ndezvipi zviyero zvenzvimbo dzine njodzi uye zvitupa zvine basa?

Hwaro hwechero mudziyo wenzvimbo ine njodzi ndeyechitupa chayo. Mafuremu anozivikanwa pasi rose anosanganisira ATEX (Europe), IECEx (International), uye UL/CSA (North America). Nhare inoshandiswa munzvimbo ine njodzi inofanira kunge iine zviratidzo zvakakodzera, zvakaita se'Ex d' yenzvimbo dzisingatsvi moto, dzakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kuputika kwemukati pasina kubatidza mhepo yekunze. Neimwe nzira, 'Ex i' inoreva kuchengetedzeka kwemukati, uko simba remagetsi rinoganhurirwa pasi pechikamu chekubatidza chemusanganiswa wegasi chaiwo.

Vatengi vanofanira kuongorora boka remagasi (semuenzaniso, IIA, IIB, kana IIC yemagasi anoshanduka-shanduka zvakanyanya sehydrogen) uye kirasi yetembiricha (T1 kusvika T6). Semuenzaniso, chiyero cheT6 chinovimbisa kuti tembiricha yepamusoro yemuchina haizopfuure 85°C (185°F), zvichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka kunzvimbo dzine makemikari akaderera ekupisa kwegasi akadai secarbon disulfide.

Maitiro ekuenzanisa nzvimbo yakavharirwa, dziviriro yekupinda, uye kugara kwenguva refu

Nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri dzinoisa michina munjodzi yemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, makemikari anoparadza, uye kukuvara kwemuviri. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zviyero zvemidziyo yakavharirwa uye zvekudzivirira kupinda (IP) zviyero zvakakosha pakuenzanisa. Mafoni mazhinji epamusoro-soro asingaputike anopa chiyero cheIP66 kana IP67, zvichiita kuti dziviriro yakakwana kubva pakupindwa neguruva uye kuramba mvura inoyerera nesimba kana kunyura kwechinguva.

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunoreva kugara kwenguva refu. Girazi Reinforced Polyester (GRP) rinopa simba rakanaka rekudzivirira makemikari neUV, zvichiita kuti rive rakakodzera zvirimwa zvemakemikari zviri kumahombekombe. Aluminiyamu yemhando yegungwa inowanzo shandiswa mumaindasitiri, nepo 316L simbi isingatsvedzeri ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pamapuratifomu ekunze nekuda kwesimba rayo risingaenzaniswi rekuora kwemunyu. Pamusoro pezvo, vatengi vanofanira kuraira IK10 inodzivirira kukanganiswa, vachivimbisa kuti nzvimbo yacho inogona kumira kuputika kwemajoules makumi maviri pasina kukanganisa kuvimbika kwayo.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokosha pakuteerera, kusaina, uye simba remagetsi

Munzvimbo dzine ruzha rwemhepo runopfuura 80 dB kusvika 90 dB, kugona kwenzwi kwakajairika hakuna kukwana. Nhare isingaputike inofanira kunge iine maikorofoni yepamusoro inodzima ruzha uye ma amplifiers akabatanidzwa. Ma ringers ekunze akabatanidzwa kana ma beacon anowanzo dikanwa, zvichireva kuti huwandu hweruzha rwuri pakati pe90 dB ne110 dB hunofanira kunzwika pamusoro pemichina inorema.

Magadzirirwo emagetsi akakoshawo. Mamodheru emazuva ano eVoIP/SIP anowanzo shandisa Power over Ethernet (PoE) achitevedzera IEEE 802.3af (15.4W) kana 802.3at (30W), izvo zvinoita kuti kuiswa kuve nyore nekubatanidza simba nedata mutambo imwe chete. Masisitimu eanalog anowanzo vimba nesimba remutsetse kubva kuPBX(kubva pa24VDC kusvika 48VDC) kana kuti zvinoda simba remagetsi eAC emunharaunda (110-230VAC) kuti ifambise manzwi ekunze ane decibel yakakwira uye mabhekoni ekuona.

Maitiro Ekuenzanisa Sarudzo Dzefoni Dzinoratidza Kuputika

Kana zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvangogadzwa, mapoka ekutenga zvinhu anofanira kufamba-famba munzvimbo yevatengesi. Kuenzanisa sarudzo kunosanganisira kuongorora kuvimbika kwevatengesi uye tekinoroji yekutaurirana iri pasi pechirongwa ichi kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatana zvakanaka nezvivakwa zviripo.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakuenzanisa mutengesi

Pakuongorora vatengesi vanogona, vatengi vemaindasitiri vanofanira kuisa pamberi zviyero zvekuvimbika zvakaratidzwa uye kugadzikana kwecheni yekugovera. Chiratidzo chikuru chemhando iMean Time Between Failures (MTBF). Nhare dzinodzivirira kuputika dzinofanira kuratidza MTBF inopfuura maawa 50,000 dziri kushanda nguva dzose. Mitemo yewarandi inoshandawo sechiratidzo chemhando; vagadziri vane mukurumbira vanowanzopa makore maviri kusvika matatu ekuvhara waranti yakazara.

Zvinodiwa zvekutakura zvinhu zvakakoshawo. Midziyo yenzvimbo ine njodzi inowanzo tora nguva yakareba yekugadzira. Vatengi vanofanira kutarisira nguva yakatarwa yemavhiki mana kusvika masere, kunyange hazvo magadzirirwo akagadzirwa anosanganisira marelay akasarudzika kana ma fiber-optic terminations anogona kusvika mavhiki gumi nemaviri. Pamusoro pezvo, Minimum Order Quantities (MOQs) inofanira kuongororwa; nepo mapurojekiti makuru achisangana neMOQs yakakwira, kugadzirisa kana kuiswa kwepilot kunogona kuda vatengesi vanoda kupa mayuniti imwe kusvika mashanu pasina muripo wakawandisa.

Ndezvipi zvinongedzo zviripo pakati peanalog, VoIP, uye SIP modhi

Kusarudzwa pakati pemagadzirirwo eanalog, VoIP, uye SIP kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kuoma kwekuisa uye kugona kwesystem. Mafoni eanalog akavimbika zvikuru, anoshandisa zvivakwa zvekare zvemhangura zve2-waya, uye anogona kutumira masaini kure kure kupfuura mamita 5,000 pasina kuwedzera simba. Zvisinei, haana diagnostics yepamusoro uye anoda tambo dzemagetsi dzakasiyana dzezvishandiso zvekutumira masaini zvinorema.

Kusiyana neizvi, nhare dzeVoIP neSIP dzinobatanidzwa zvakananga muma network emazuva ano eIP-PBX, dzichipa manejimendi ari kure, SNMP monitoring, uye kuzviongorora wega. Chinhu chikuru chinoenderana nekure; standard Ethernet inoderedza kutumirwa kwemamita zana, zvichiita kuti pave nema converters e fiber-optic media kana kuti network switches dzakachengeteka kuti pave nema field deployments akawanda.

Matanho Ekutenga, Kuisa, uye Kugadzirisa

Kuwana michina iyi kunongova chikamu chidiki chehupenyu hwese hwekushandisa. Kunyatsokodzera kwemutengesi, maitiro ekuyedza akaomarara, uye nzira dzekuisa dzakanyatsonaka zvinodiwa kuti system yekupedzisira irambe yakasimba uye isingaputike.

Maitiro ekuita kuti vatengesi vakwanise uye kuongorora magwaro

Kukwanisa kupa mupi wemidziyo ine njodzi kunoenderera mberichitupa cheISO 9001 chakajairwaVatengesi vanofanira kunge vaine ATEX Quality Assurance Notification (QAN) kana IECEx Quality Assessment Report (QAR). Zvitupa izvi zvinorayira kuti mugadziri arambe achinyatso tevera zvinhu zvese zvakakosha, zvichiita kuti chigadzirwa chakapihwa chienderane nemuenzaniso chaiwo wakaedzwa nesangano rakaziviswa.

Mapoka ekutenga zvinhu anofanira kukumbira magwaro akazara vasati vatumira. Dosi iyi inofanira kusanganisira Declaration of Conformity (DoC), zvitupa zvenzvimbo dzine njodzi, mabhuku ekushandisa, uye mamiriro chaiwo ekushandiswa (anowanzo ratidzwa ne'X' pakupera kwenhamba yechitupa). Kushaikwa kwemagwaro kunogona kukonzera kukundikana nekukasika panguva yekuongorora kuchengetedzeka kwenzvimbo.

Zvekutarisa panguva yekuedzwa kwekugamuchirwa kwefekitori

Kuedzwa Kwekugamuchira Muchina (FAT) inzira inokosha michina isati yabva kumugadziri. Vatengi vanofanira kukumbira nzira dzeFAT dzinosimbisa kujeka kwekutaurirana uye kuchengetedzeka. Kuedzwa kweacoustic kunofanirwa kusimbisa kuti kudzima ruzha rwemakrofoni kunoshanda zvakanaka pakurwisa ruzha rwekumashure rweinenge 85 dB.

Kuongororwa kwekuchengetedza kwemagetsi ndiko kwakakosha. Kune mayuniti anoshandisa simba remagetsi, kuyedzwa kwesimba remagetsi (kazhinji kushandisa 1.5kV AC kweminiti imwe) kunoita kuti insulation ive yakasimba. Vagadziri vane mukurumbira vanochengetedza chiyero chekukanganisa chiri pasi pe0.5% panguva yeFAT. Chero yuniti inokundikana iyi miganho inofanira kuvharirwa yega yega uye kugadziriswazve isati yatumirwa.

Maitiro ekuronga kuongorora nzvimbo, kuisa, uye kutanga kushanda

Kugadzirira kuisa kunotanga nekuongorora kwakadzama nzvimbo kuti vaone nzira yekufambisa tambo, ruzha rwemhepo, uye nzvimbo dzekuisa tambo. Vanoisa tambo vanofanira kunyatsoteerera mashandisirwo etambo; nhare dzisingaputike dzinowanzova neM20 kana 1/2-inch NPT threaded entries. Kushandisa magland etambo eEx d kana Exe akasimbiswa kunodiwa, sezvo gland yakajairwa ichabvisa chiyero chekuchengetedza chenzvimbo yese.

Ergonomics uye kugona kusvikika zvinoreva kuti nhare dzinofanira kuiswa pakakwirira kubva pa1.2m kusvika 1.5m (47 kusvika 59 inches) kubva padanho repasi rakapedzwa (FFL), zvichienderana neADA kana mwero wekusvikika kwenzvimbo kana zvichibvira. Mushure mekuiswa, purogiramu yakasimba yekugadzirisa inofanira kuiswa, ine kuongororwa kwemaziso kwemwedzi 6 kusvika 12 yega yega kuti vaone kana chisimbiso chaora, ngura panzira dzemoto, uye kuvimbika kwetambo dzakadzivirirwa.

Maitiro Ekuita Sarudzo Yekupedzisira Yekutenga

Sarudzo yekupedzisira yekutenga inoda kuyera zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi nemamiriro ezvemari. Nekubatanidza mamiriro chaiwo ekushandiswa nehurongwa hwesarudzo hwakarongeka, masangano anogona kusarudza michina inopa kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya uye kushanda zvakanaka.

Ndezvipi zviitiko zvekushandisa zvinobatsira kuderedza sarudzo

Kutsanangura mamiriro chaiwo ekushandiswa kwechinhu ichi kunodzikisa zvakanyanya munda wezvigadzirwa zvinobudirira. Semuenzaniso, mudziyo wekuchera uri kunze kwenyika wakavhenekerwa munzvimbo dzine munyu uye mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa unoda foni ye316L yesimbi isingatsvedzeri, IP67-rated SIP ine beacon yakabatanidzwa ye110 dB. Kugadziriswa uku kunowanzo wira mubhendi remutengo wakakwira we $1,800 kusvika $2,800+ payuniti imwe neimwe.

Kusiyana neizvi, nzvimbo yekugadzira mishonga kana makemikari mukati meimba inoshanda munzvimbo yeZone 1 ingangoda foni yeanalog ine GRP, IP66-rated. Pasina chikonzero chekushandisa.kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze zvakanyanyakana network yeIP yakaoma, mamiriro ezvinhu aya anobvumira nzira yekutenga isingadhuri, ine mayuniti akavimbika aripo pakati pemadhora mazana masere kusvika kumadhora chiuru nemazana mashanu ($800) kusvika kumadhora chiuru nemazana mashanu ($1,500). Kuziva izvi zvipingamupinyi zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu kunodzivirira kushandiswa kwemari yakawanda uye kutambisa mari.

Ndeipi hurongwa hwesarudzo hunobatanidza mainjiniya, kutenga, uye ope

zvekudya

Sarudzo yekutenga inobudirira inobva pahurongwa hweTotal Cost of Ownership (TCO) hwakaongororwa mukati memakore gumi ekushanda. Mapoka einjiniya anotungamira kutevedzera mitemo, MTBF, uye kubatanidzwa kwesisitimu. Kutenga kunotarisa paCapital Expenditure yekutanga (CAPEX), nguva dzekutungamira, uye mitemo yemutengesi. Mapoka ekushanda nekugadzirisa ane hanya neOperating Expenditure (OPEX), achitarisa pakugadziriswa kuri nyore, kuwanikwa kwezvikamu zvekuchengetedza, uye kugona kuongorora.

Nekushandisa mamodheru eSIP/VoIP, masangano anogona kutarisana neCAPEX yekutanga yakakwira ne20% kusvika 40% zvichienzaniswa nemasystem eanalog. Zvisinei, OPEX inodzikira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugona kwekutarisa kuri kure, izvo zvinobvisa kudiwa kwekuongorora kwemumunda kuti uone mamiriro emuchina. Pakupedzisira, kurongeka kwezvinhu zvitatu izvi zvinokosheswa nedhipatimendi kunoita kuti foni yakasarudzwa isingaputike ipe kutevedzera kwakasimba kwekuchengetedza, kushanda zvakanaka kwemari, uye rutsigiro rwekushanda kwezuva nezuva.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Mhedzisiro yakakosha uye chikonzero chekushandisa nharembozha kudzivirira kuputika
• Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
• Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndechipi chitupa chinofanira kuva nefoni inodzivirira kuputika panzvimbo yangu?

Enzanisa foni nenzvimbo yako ine njodzi: ATEX/IECEx yemapurojekiti akawanda epasi rose, pamwe neZone chaiyo, boka regesi, uye kirasi yekupisa senge Zone 1, IIC, T6.

Chiyero cheIP66 kana IP67 chakakwana here kumapurojekiti ane njodzi emaindasitiri?

Zvinobatsira, asi hazvina kukwana chete. Shandisa IP66/IP67 kudzivirira guruva nemvura, wobva wasimbisa kuti foni inewo chitupa chinodiwa chekudzivirira kuputika munzvimbo iyi.

Ndeapi maindasitiri anowanzoda nhare dzisingaputike?

Dzinowanzo shandiswa mumafuta negasi, mumafekitori emakemikari, mumapuratifomu ari kunze kwegungwa, mumigodhi, mumatura emafuta, uye munzvimbo dzine njodzi huruva dzakadai senzvimbo dzekugadzirisa zviyo.

Ndingaite sei kuti ndione kuti chigadzirwa chacho chakavimbika uye kuti chinotumirwa sei kubva kuSiniwo?

Tarisa zvitupa zvakaita seATEX, CE, FCC, ROHS, uye ISO9001, uye bvunza nezvenguva yekutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa. Siniwo inotiwo inogadzira zvinopfuura 90% yezvinhu zvikuru zviri mukati kuti zvive zvemhando yepamusoro.

Siniwo anogona kutsigira chirongwa chose here, kwete kungopa nhare chete?

Ehe. Sekureva kwe siniwo.com, Siniwo inopa masevhisi ekutaurirana eindasitiri anosanganisira dhizaini, kubatanidzwa, kuiswa, kugadziriswa, uye masisitimu ane hukama akadai sePA, paging, uye VoIP.